One of my favorite college courses was "Experimental Psychology". No, we didn't shock people or anything like that. The course taught its students how to review scientific studies and pick them apart for the purpose understanding reliability and validity in research studies.
Ok, I know I now sound like a nerd, but what I truly got most out of the class was an awareness to not believe everything you see and hear; in any field whether it be in science, politics or even in advertising. A specific example of the latter, I recall my professor discussing that results of the Pepsi Challenge were skewed to always favor Pepsi due to the order in which drinks were presented. Were you aware of that?
I couldn't help but reflect on my sophomore level class after reading the article of an experiment performed by 4 seniors from
Kettering University - that's Flint, Michigan (I had to look it up) that compared the
safety of a traditional catcher's style mask with that of a hockey style helmet. Their findings may surprise you, at least upon the first read.
You can
read the full article here or read more below where I discuss my concerns with the study, mention one interesting potential finding you may not have thought about and present other unanswered questions we'd all like to know for sure.

Their first conclusion was that
hockey style helmets protect better from impacts to the side of the head. No surprise there. That's been the conventional wisdom for some time but the manner in which they tested it was completely flawed. The testing procedure of the side impact must have assumed that when a catcher (or umpire) gets hit on the side that he or she moves by turning his or her head 90 degrees so that the impact is taken directly onto the side. If you are a knowledgeable umpire, you know that you're taught not to react or to flinch so that not only can you make the call but also so that protection remains in all the right places.
Specifically, they launched a ball from a skeet shooter (beside the point is "why not use a pitching machine?") directly from the side into the helmet's side. Now you and I know
the beauty of a hockey style helmet is its steep angles that results in most balls hitting the side as glancing blows, not direct ones. Their methodology didn't allow for determining this force, the one of a more typical indirect hit. The overall results were still the same, of course, and that is the hockey style did better on the side.
But you know, at that angle, how did the traditional style mask stand a chance? There's no protection at all from a direct impact to the side. The only possible direct one there might come from a bat (has been known to happen...
even from a broken one), a foul ball that careened from the backstop (you know who you are) or a beer thrown from the crowd (ok, I made that one up).
The second conclusion the Kettering students made was that traditional style masks performed better on frontal impacts. What? Yes, you might want to re-read that line. They tested this using the same skeet shooter and launching a direct hit onto the front center of each protective head piece. At first glance, this flies in the face of conventional wisdom in that the perception is that hockey style helmets are more protective in all situations. However, the frontal or "nose" shot tested to each was only one dead center shot. It sure would have been nice to have seen a range of locations in the front rather than one location out of many.

Regardless, their study and second conclusion does lead to an interesting point.
Is there a place on a hockey style helmet that is as flat as that on traditional style masks to allow for the same or greater force from a baseball (or softball)? Looking at helmets from
Wilson, Diamond and Pro Nine (they tested All-Star gear BTW), this is certainly worth considering in the Diamond and Pro Nine brands (All Star and most others, too) with their flatter middle fronts.
Overall, in my opinion, the students would have done better to have concluded that
"We've found there is one small area where helmets could offer no better or less protection than that of masks, but we didn't really go all out by testing multiple hits, hit locations and/or angles."
Other Thoughts- The study mentions that despite there being force differences between the 2 styles, that no force readings on either using the angles and velocity they tested would have resulted in any concussions. This was even the case considering they were launching the ball 100 MPH onto the youth helmet they used as testing for the helmet.
- It doesn't appear All-Star was very happy about them using their mask for this test and appears that they asked for a disclaimer (and an apology) as seen at the bottom of the article.
- Despite my mostly negative critique, I do applaud the students on many levels including bringing attention onto this important issue. Not only did they do a better job than I would have done at their age, I also assume that their project's parameters were probably limited from the start.
I'd like to see more studies done in this regard, and it would be nice to see not only general comparisons but
other comparisons that might provide more useful answers to more practical questions such as these:
- Physics dictates a flatter low profile umpire mask will divert less force than a more curved standard one, but how much less and is this a significant difference?
- More padding between the ball and you as in Wilson's wrap around padding is more protective than one with less padding but how much more protective and how significant is this difference to umpires at various levels?
- At what point do masks with lighter weight frames become less protective than those with heavier weights? (A good question proposed by Warren Workman of Umpire-Empire.com).
At least that's my take on it. What thoughts do you have?